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Descartes Mind-Body Dualism Against Darwin’s Monism.Docx...

In my essay, I am going to argue for Descartes mind-body dualism against Darwin’s monism. I believe that the mind and body are two separate entities and that human life is not simply the result random mutations that took place throughout the past two billion years or so. I am not going to attempt to disprove science; I can’t do that. I am however, going to try to give specific examples on the origin of existence and the nature of reality. Renà © Descartes believed that the mind and body are separate; that the senses could not always be trusted, but that because we as humans are able to think about our existence, we possess some sort of entity separate than our fleshly body. I believe this separate entity to be a soul†an immaterial and†¦show more content†¦Machines have no reason why to ponder their purpose of their existence— it is ingrained in them. I highly doubt that when you starting thinking concrete thoughts that you knew exactly why you we re here on this earth; that required some higher level of thought. The fact that we are here now thinking and talking about life and souls helps affirms the existence of a higher level of thinking; something that biology and Darwin fail to explain. According to Darwin, man is a product of a mindless, chance algorithmic process. He believed that humans and nature evolved through a process of chance mutations that have thus far resulted in us and the rest of the natural world. He believes there is no soul, that humans are tantamount to nature, and that the world is a machine. I agree with Darwin on a few levels; yes, species change over time. Yes, usually the stronger survive more often than the weaker. Yes, nature does follow a series of governing laws that makes it much like a machine. However, Darwin made a lofty assumption in claiming that because of these things, species were not independently created. This tossing away the idea of a creator and intelligent design disposes the possibility of the existence of a soul independent of the body. Existence is about surviving. If life really is about â€Å"the survival of the fittest,† then what’s so great about life if it’s

The Effects Of Shooting A Basketball And The Human Visual...

Executive summary This essay is going to talk about the relationship between shooting a basketball and the human visual perception. Based on the research about visual control for basketball shooting and how to aim the rim can increase the hit rate to explain how the visual control relate to the basketball shooting. There are many researchers done some experiments about that, and come up with some idea relate with human’s visual perception. This essay is divide to different parts, at first this essay will introduce about the visual perception. And the part of aim shooting,and the gaze behavior when people aim a far target, also will mention the visual information pick-up about human. 1.Introduction There are a lot of sports have aiming tasks from a very far distance. And all the players are trying to get as much score as they to hit the target. Basketball as the one of the most popular sports become the representative of these sports. People always can see that a basketball player throw the ball from a very far way to put the ball into the basket. There are lots of research is about the tactical and the physics in basketball. However, there have only a few researchers focus primarily on visual control and information processing while player shooting a basketball. For people who often watch the basketball game will always wonder how the basketball player can shoot the basketball in a very high hit rate. Apart from the lots of practice, is there something else thatShow MoreRelatedRunning Head How Does Sleep Or Rest Improve Memory?1711 Words   |  7 Pageshistory dating back to the earliest experimental memory researches and fitted with different concepts and conclusions. During the past few decades, ?memory and sleep? research has been very active with several claims and counterclaims concerning the effects of sleep on memory and the various findings. Nonetheless, definitions of sleep and memory remain fairly constant. Sleep is conventionally defined as the reversible and natural state of the body and mind characterized by loss of consciousness, relativeRead MoreMotor Learning Essay23209 Words   |  93 Pagesmotor control is able to account for the four characteristics of human movement through the process of: none of the above 2. The reflex theory of motor control cannot account for which characteristic of human movement uniqueness 3. Open-loop motor control relies on sensory feedback to guide the completion of the movement. False 4. One weakness of the reflex theory of motor control is that: it cannot explain how humans can perform unique movements 5. Degrees of freedom can be definedRead MorePopular Culture and Violent Behavior Essay11795 Words   |  48 Pagesyoung people, popular culture and adolescence are not mutually exclusive with the effects and the range of mass media affecting one in three adults in America. [3] Thus, the appeal for this investigation was personal and lay in my yearning to discover whether this correlation between violence and popular culture really existed, and if it did, how strong and influential were its effects on individuals and society? The question I have posed is a very contentious oneRead MoreNikes Imc Plan5035 Words   |  21 Pagesmarketing and exposures. These are made possible with celebrity endorsement as well as the use of opinion leaders; mainly contributed by the star power. 4|Page Nike 5 NIKE 1.4 Key Milestone I Nike In 1982, Nike released the Air Force 1, a basketball shoe that featured a revolutionary technological innovation: a pocket of air in the heel for cushioning and support. The shoe, although expensive at $89.95, was an immediate hit among players, from the N.B.A. to the playground, with professionalsRead MoreComputer and Internet in Education13526 Words   |  55 Pageshas raised questions about how the use of computer technology may make a difference in their lives—from helping with homework to causing depression to encouraging violent behavior. This article provides an overview of the limited research on the effects of home computer use on children’s physical, cognitive, and social development. Initial research suggests, for example, that access to computers increases the total amount of time children spend in front of a television or computer screen at the expenseRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pagesgrowing level of comp lexity. The remaining reasons reflect internal pressures that inhibit brand building. The fifth reason, the temptation to change a sound brand strategy, is particularly insidious because it is the management equivalent of shooting yourself in the foot. The sixth and seventh reasons, the organizational bias against innovation and the pressure to invest elsewhere, are special problems facing strong brands. They can be caused by arrogance but are more often caused by complacencyRead MoreComparative Study of Pakistan Chinese Cultures13385 Words   |  54 Pages..... 42 ADVANTAGE OF CROSS CULTURAL STUDY .................................................................................................. 42 2 Comparative study of Pakistan and Chinese Cultures 2013 Chapter-1 Introduction inseparable from human life. Everything from how we dress to what we eat, from how we speak to what we think, is culture. You only notice this really when you change place and enter another culture. Try crossing a border, any border, and you will feel it. American cultureRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesPersonality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System 16 Organizational Culture 511 17 Human Resource Policies and PracticesRead MoreImpooving Employee Performance72019 Words   |  289 Pagesï ¬ gures in the ï ¬ eld of training and development. Today, nothing’s changed. Don Kirkpatrick remains one of the most inï ¬â€šuential and thought-provoking thinkers and writers in the ï ¬ eld of performance management and the development of human talent in organizations. Most human resource management professionals are familiar with Don’s contribution to the ï ¬ eld of training and development through his development of what now is commonly referred to as ‘‘Kirkpatrick’s Four Levels of Evaluation.’’ Don observedRead MoreCelebrity Endorsements19810 Words   |  80 Pagesderived from celebrity endorsements, they increase a marketer’s risk manifolds and should be treated with full attention and aptitude. A brand should be cautious when employing celebrities to ensure promise believabil ity and delivery of the intended effect. The growing importance of mythical characters as celebrities and their sway over the target segments are ample proof of public demand for icons to look up to. As the celebrities traverse from a mere commercial presence to public welfare message endorsements

Legal Drinking Age in the United Kingdom - 1112 Words

The United Kingdom is known for its high volume of alcoholics. It only makes sense that if the adults are drinking, then the teenagers are drinking too. The country has been allowing the young kids to drink since they were five, in private areas, and sixteen in a public place. Although the law has been approved before, some people think that it should not be legal for such young children to drink. The legal drinking age should be at least 18, because children that young are still developing and alcohol has many negative effects on the body. Many Briton teens have been exposed to alcohol, but it is having a very bad impact on their overall health. British teenagers are the fifth most likely group in Europe to admit to binge drinking. The British girls are the heaviest drinking in Europe, while the boys fall in at third, behind Malta and Latvia. This increase in consumption has attributed to more cases of liver disease, which costs the NHS more than 1 billion Euros a year (telegraph.co.uk). â€Å"Statistics, based on a 2007 report from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs, showed that 55 percent of girls in the UK consumed five or more drinks at least once a month† (telegraph.co.uk). Why would the government keep allowing these bad habits, which lead to countless deaths, and millions of alcoholics across the country? The government gets revenue from liquor sales, which would explain why they are not all about trying to keep teenagers from drinking.Show MoreRelatedThroughout History, The Un ited States Has Taken On Several1288 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, the United States has taken on several policies regarding the minimum legal drinking age that vary in age as well as in state and federal enforcement of the limit. To this day, there is quite a bit of controversy surrounding the subject because advocates of higher, lower, and limitless age regulations all provide decent arguments towards their suggested policies. Regardless of the policy, they all have the same aim: reduce alcohol addiction, binge drinking, drunk driving, and otherRead MoreA Short Note On Social Problems With Youth1551 Words   |  7 PagesHim YEUNG Christopher Cook SOC 201 5 Jun 2015 Social Problems Research Paper Why there are so much alcoholic problems with youth in the United States? United States has the highest legal drinking age in countries that drinking are legal though at the same time, we have one of the worst drinking problem in the world. Why? Alcohol abuse are usually defined as having 5 drinks or more in a short amount of time. Some even drink so much that they can be diagnosed under the guidelines that they have mentalRead MoreSolutions for Lowering Alcohol Consumption Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesno self-control when it came to drinking, â€Å"drunkenness includes slurred speech, drowsiness and, sleep disruption† (DrugAbuse 1). Due to too much alcohol in his system, he had no idea what he was doing or getting himself into when sitting behind the steering wheel. Intoxication, irresponsibility, and lack of self-control took the life of Johnny Manzeeel. Alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, and spirit plague this world with problems like underage drinking, drinking irresponsibly, and health problemsRead MoreEssay on Alcoholism In The 21st Cent ury1687 Words   |  7 Pagescompulsive use of alcoholic drinks. However, this disease is much more complex. Alcohol abuse is a growing problem in the United States today, causing more and more deaths each year. It affects nearly everyone in the U.S. today, either directly or indirectly. Over half of Americans have at least one close relative that has a drinking problem. About 20 million people in the United States abuse alcohol. It is the third leading cause of preventable deaths, and about 100,000 people die each year from alcoholRead MoreAlcoholism in the 21st Century1743 Words   |  7 Pagescompulsive use of alcoholic drinks. However, this disease is much more complex. Alcohol abuse is a growing problem in the United States today, causing more and more deaths each year. It affects nearly everyone in the U.S. today, either directly or indirectly. Over half of Americans have at least one close relative that has a drinking problem. About 20 million people in the United Stat es abuse alcohol. It is the third leading cause of preventable deaths, and about 100,000 people die each year fromRead MorePros And Cons Of Lowering The Drinking Age1822 Words   |  8 PagesAlthough not always the case, the legal drinking age in the United States is 21 years old. However, the minimum legal drinking age drastically varies across the rest of the globe, with some countries allowing legal alcohol consumption before individuals have even turned 18 years old. Since the legal drinking age was changed to 21 years, it has been a controversial issue in the United States. For decades, there have been debates on the pros and cons of lowering the legal age. In fact, there have even beenRead MoreThe National Drinking Age Research Paper2214 Words   |  9 PagesThe National Drinking Age Research Paper In the United States of America, there is a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age legally specifies the youngest age in which a person is allowed to consume and purchase alcoholic beverages. From country to country, there are varying ages of legal drinking ages. There is much debate in the United States on whether the legal drinking age should be lowered to eighteen from twenty one, or should remain the same. People in favor of lowering the drinkingRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age : A Rite Of Passage For The Average Young Individual1985 Words   |  8 Pagesfor the average young individual. The minimum drinking age required to legally consume alcohol varies in each country, ranging from it always being legal to drinking being illegal at any age, but most countries have set the age at 18-19. In the United States, as of 1988, the MLDA is 21 throughout its entire territory, while the age of majority starts at 18. This paper analyzes the arguments to lower the minimum dri nking age and unify it with the age of majority. The factors discussed are alcohol-relatedRead MoreGlobal Forces and the European Brewing Industry1576 Words   |  7 Pages (The European Brewing Industry, 1999) Economic factors: * The government restrictions have lead to increase in sales of alcohol in supermarket. * Government campaigning and restriction on drinking resulted in decrease in the sale of alcohol product consumption in clubs and pubs. * Companies are trying to achieve economic of scale through cost reduction. * Brewing companies are engaged in various marketing strategy to grow their marketRead MoreHeloo1346 Words   |  6 Pagessimilar to that of the United States. The Constitution of the Republic outlines three clear branches of power: Executive, Legislature, and Judicial. The Executive power is under that of the President, Vice president, and Cabinet. This also includes Secretaries Of State that have been designated by the President. The voting process is very important to the Dominican people. Every four years they vote to elect both the president and various other authorities. Any citizen over the age of 18 may vote. The

Memoirs of a Geisha Free Essays

I. Title: Memoirs of a Geisha (1997) II. Author: Arthur Golden (1957- ) III. We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs of a Geisha or any similar topic only for you Order Now Setting: a. Where: Gion, Kyoto, Japan b. When: Early 1900’s (1930’s, World War II) IV. Character and Characterization: c. Principal Characters i. Sayuri Nitta (Chiyo Sakamoto) Sayuri is the main character of the book. As a child, she always thought well of others. She has determination and does not give up easily. Her gray eyes are what make her stand out the most. ii. Mameha Mameha was a well-known geisha in Gion. She was Sayuri’s older sister (not by blood) and mentor. She taught Sayuri what she needed to do for her to become a successful geisha. She is very determined and would do anything to achieve her goal. iii. Hatsumomo Hatsumomo was a geisha of the Nitta Okiya, the same okiya that Sayuri came from. She boasts of herself and thinks that no one is better than her. She despised Sayuri and saw her as competition, which led to her numerous attempts to destroy Sayuri’s life. iv. Chairman The Chairman was the reason why Sayuri had a purpose to live, which was the result of his act of kindness to Sayuri when she was a child. He is a person who thinks of other’s feelings. As a geisha, Sayuri wanted nothing more than for the Chairman to take notice of her. . Nobu Nobu was the Chairman’s right-hand man, the Chairman owed him a lot. He is patient and kind. Nobu’s appearance is peculiar because of his skin which was damaged by a bomb. He fancies Sayuri and waited most of his life to become Sayuri’s danna. d. Secondary Characters i. Pumpkin Pumpkin was Sayuri’s friend when they were young. T heir friendship was destroyed by Hatsumomo, who was Pumpkin’s older sister. She was sweet and very helpful at first, but was influenced by Hatsumomo. Pumpkin also became a geisha from the Nitta Okiya, but she was not as famous as Sayuri. ii. Auntie Auntie was the first person to show kindness to Sayuri when she arrived at the Nitta Okiya. She wanted Sayuri to become successful and to not end up like her. When Sayuri became a geisha, she continuously helped her through what she needed to do. iii. Mr. Tanaka Sayuri, as a child, idolized Mr. Tanaka and thought that no other man is higher than him. Mr. Tanaka was the person who offered Sayuri’s father to sell Sayuri and her sister Setsu. He was the reason why Sayuri ended up in Gion. iv. Mother Mother was the sister of Auntie and the owner of the Nitta Okiya. She was very fond of money and would do anything to become richer. She later adopted Sayuri as her daughter and as the successor of the Nitta Okiya. v. Dr. Crab Dr. Crab was one of the men who were attracted to Sayuri when she became a geisha. Dr. Crab is a kind of person who would let nothing to stand in his way. He is known for spending a lot of money in the pursuit of mizuage. V. Subject Matter: a historical fiction about the life of a geisha in Japan before World War II VI. Thesis/Main Idea: The story revolves around a girl whose life was transformed from rags to riches when her father sold her until she became a well-known geisha in Kyoto. VII. The Part I Like The Best. Why? I was thrilled the most when I was reading the part where the Chairman met Sayuri in the Ichiriki Teahouse after the incident with the Minister on the island of Amami. I was so consumed by the book since I badly wanted to know what the Chairman would say to Sayuri. Shock and disbelief came over me when the Chairman admitted that he knew Sayuri was the child he saw crying near the Shirakawa Stream. VIII. The Part I Like The Least. Why? I did not like the part where the war was going on and Gion closed down. I felt as if the part was not that significant to the main topic of the story and that the story would just have the same effect to the readers without it. As a reader, I thought that this was the dullest part of the story. IX. Vocabulary Improvement: 1. Geisha-(n. ) a Japanese women educated to accompany men as a hostess, performing different skills such as dancing and playing instruments * Most Americans confuse geishas as prostitutes because of the pretend geishas who called themselves geisha girls and sold their bodies to American soldiers in Japan during the World War II. . Okiya-(n. ) the lodging house in which a geisha lives until she has paid all her debts from the okiya for sending her to school * Mameha was a geisha who was allowed to live in her own house since she was able to pay off all her debts from the okiya she was from. 3. Danna-(n. ) a geisha’s patron, a wealthy man who supports the geisha’s needs in exchange for spending time with him privately * Nob u spent almost his entire life waiting to become Sayuri’s danna which unforntunately never happened. 4. Shamisen-(n. a three-string musical instrument that is played using a plectrum * Many geishas, if not all, were taught how to play the Japanese instrument called shamisen, which they used in performances. 5. Mizuage-(n. ) the coming of age ceremony of an apprentice geisha, usually associated with the geisha’s loss of virginity; a large sum of money is to be paid to the geisha in return for her mizuage * According to Mineko Iwasaki, the geisha Arthur Golden interviewed for his book, a geisha’s mizuage was never won by means of bidding. X. Brief Summary: Chiyo Sakamoto, a girl from a little fishing village called Yoroido, was 9 years old when her father sold her and her sister Satsu to a man named Mr. Tanaka. They were brought to Kyoto where Chiyo and her sister were separated; Chiyo stayed in Gion in the Nitta Okiya as a maid, whereas her sister was brought to Miyagawa-cho where she worked as a prostitute. Chiyo started going to school to become a geisha, but when she learned about her sister’s location, she went to look for her. When they met, they decided that they would runaway a few days after, Chiyo tried to runaway but failed, which caused her her schooling priviledges. As Chiyo continued to live as a maid, knowing that she won’t see her sister again, she felt as if she has no purpose in life; then he met the Chairman who treated her kindly, which gave her hope for a better future. After this incident, she wanted to become a geisha hoping that she would please the Chairman someday. Mameha, a well-known geisha in the Gion district, became her mentor and trained her to become a successful geisha; she then changed her name to Sayuri Nitta, of the Nitta Okiya. Though she had numerous admirers, she wanted no one but the Chairman to take notice of her; she strived hard to for this and in the end, she eventually learned that the Chairman acknowledged her way back then from the very first time they met. How to cite Memoirs of a Geisha, Essay examples Memoirs of a Geisha Free Essays â€Å"Memoirs of a Geisha† is a book written by Arthur Golden. The plot takes place in Japan and tells us the story of a young girl; a fisherman’s daughter and her journey through life to become a famous Geisha, a Japanese female entertainer. The book describes the struggles of a young girl, Chiyo, who is abandoned; sold by her father. We will write a custom essay sample on Memoirs of a Geisha or any similar topic only for you Order Now The story is told in flashback format with reference to the protagonist’s present and past. The focal point of the story is constantly on the internal narrator, Chiyo, who later changes her name to Sayuri when she becomes a geisha. Sayuri, who is our protagonist, is eight years old and lives in the small fishing village of Yorido at the beginning of the story. She lived happily with her family until one day her mother becomes sick. Her father who is a fisherman can’t afford the medical treatment of her mother. Seeing no other way out, he sells Sayuri and her clumsy older sister Satsu to Mr. Tanaka; the owner of the seafood company which all the villagers work for. Mr. Tanaka brings the girls to the cultural city of Gion. Satsu who is the less beautiful of the two is sold to a brothel while Sayuri is sold to the Nitta Okiya, a geisha house. At the Nitta Okiya she meets a number of different people. There is the owner of the Okiya who is referred to as â€Å"Mother†, a bull-dog looking woman, whose main concern is money as described by Sayuri. The main â€Å"Villain† of the story is Hatsumomo , a famous and successful geisha who lives in the same Okiya as Sayuri. Hatsumomo is the main resource of the Nitta Okiya since all the money she earns goes to support it. From the day Sayuri arrives at the Okiya, Hatsumomo dislikes her, she tries to make Sayuri’s life as hard as possible. At first it is hard to understand why she has that kind of behaviour towards Sayuri but as the story continues we understand that it is all about jealousy. Hatsumomo can’t stand that Sayuri is beautiful and sees that in a few years she might become a successful geisha unless she gets rid of her. Hatsumomo clearly states that she hates Sayuri and doesn’t want her in the Okiya: â€Å"I shall destroy you† (pg. 78)1 Sayuri comes to the Okiya with a debt which she has to pay off. The debt just keeps getting bigger because she has to take geisha ‘lessons. Sayuri is taken out from geisha practice,e after several accidents, and made a slave at the Okiya. She has no hopes for her future when Mameha, a character who becomes very important to the story, comes to convince Mother to let Sayuri continue her geisha practice. She helps Sayuri throughout her career by introducing her to many famous and rich people who can invite her to their parties and by taking her to all important places where the big parties are held. Mameha gives her personal lessons and gives her all help she can and if it weren’t for Mameha, Sayuri would never have become a geisha. Throughout the story we see how Sayuri’s character changes drastically, from a simple and a naive country girl to a slave with no future to a graceful famous geisha and when the story turns again, a seamstress trying to survive the second World War. Although the story mostly concentrates on Sayuri and we get to know the secrets of a geisha’s life, there’s a lot more that can be learnt from the story. It tells us about the life in Japan before, during and after the Second World War. The story which is set in Japan wouldn’t have existed if we were to set it elsewhere. Geishas are something unique to only Japan and can’t be found in any other culture around the world. It tells us about the time before the war when everything was good. Sayuri mentions the war a couple of times, in the beginning but she talks about it as if it were something that was far off and didn’t concern her. Then slowly she starts realising that the war is affecting them more and more when they start using ration books. Still, the reality of the war isn’t realised fully by either Sayuri or the reader until it hits you in the face when suddenly the heads of different Okiyas are selling fancy kimonos and jewels at the black market for their survival. The book mentions real-life incidents such as the bombing of Tokyo and other big cities. It tells us about the problems that the people of Japan were faced with and how even graceful geishas are forced to become normal seamstresses, making parachutes for the war. The theme of the book in my opinion is first of all, the life of a geisha since it tells us about how geishas lived and what they had to go through. Arthur Golden takes us into an unknown world and reveals the secrets of what seems to us a glamorous life. The book shows that the life of a geisha is far from glamorous. Both in sense of the social problems they have to face such as jealousy from other geisha and the struggle to make a good reputation for themselves in order to survive and also personal problems such as those older geishas, whose skin has rotted and become yellow because of the paints they used, had to face. Another theme of the book may also be; destiny. Sayuri’s destiny was to become a geisha no matter what came in her way, no matter how impossible it seemed at times, she finally succeeded in becoming a geisha and not just that, she even became a very successful and famous geisha of her time. When the book starts and we see the village of Yoroido through the eyes of a young innocent girl, you wonder ‘what does this little girl living in a small fishing village have to do with a graceful and glamorous geisha? It’s almost as you wonder whether the title of the book is wrong. As the story develops, we see how Sayuri ends up in the cultural city of Gion, but then suddenly when the story turns again and Sayuri is made a servant at the Okiya you start wondering if the story will instead start focusing on Hatsumomo. The book is very slow and boring in the beginning, several times I thought of just putting it down but just then the story takes a new turn. It really tells about a life I knew nothing about before and got really interesting the further I got into the book. The author has tied in historical events into an interesting story reflecting not only the lives of geishas but also the lives of ordinary people of that time. I found the book very interesting and different but a bit slow. Since it is semi-reality based I would recommend it to people both my age but also older people. The story catches your interest whether you are young or old. I would give the book 3 out of 5 points. How to cite Memoirs of a Geisha, Essay examples

Traditional Automotive Industry Regions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Traditional Automotive Industry Regions. Answer: E-Bay Incorporation E-Bay is an American online retailer which operates in e-commerce retailing. It was founded in 1995 by Pierre Omidyar. E-Bay features an online auction and large variety of products on their online platform. In 2016 fiscal year, it generated an income of US$8.97 billion. The reason for choosing eBay is that enterprise takes an innovative step and changes the online retailing market. The company gained a competitive advantage due to their unique business approach. E-Bay operates in the online auction and retailing market. Their strategy focuses on delivering great quality facilities to its users while maintaining their satisfaction. The company features low-cost products on their websites, as compared to its competitors. The online auction feature helps users to auction their stuff on eBays website. Customers can bid their price on a particular product and highest bidder gets the product management. According to the research of Amit and Zott (2012), this approach increases the value of a particular product which increases the satisfaction of both parties. This unique strategy help eBay gained a competitive advantage because the company did not suffer any inventory storage cost. E-Bay maintains transparency and security in each transaction, which helps to establish customers trust in the company. The company uses its technical resources to expand their market overseas. The innovative strategy of the company ensures its sustainable growth in the future. Business Model According to Hagiu and Wright (2013), eBays business model helps them to enhance their business worldwide and gaining success in the online retailing market. Following are an essential part of their business strategy: Originally eBay is focused on their online auction features which help customers selling their products based on auction prices. E-Bay provides first 20 transactions free to its customers and then charges a fee. The layout of their website is simple to understand by its users. The company did not have any inventory storage expenses, like its competitor Amazon. The company provides secure transaction between customers and businesses. The transparency of transactions has gained company their customers trust and enhanced their reputation (Chen, Liu and Yu 2012). The unique strategy of business gained them an exceptional place in the online retail industry. The company maintains a high rate of consumer satisfaction and this help them to sustain their future development. E-Bays innovative technology increases their business at a global stage. The business model of the company ensures their success in global markets. The study of different culture, administration, geographical and economic aspects gained company their unique spot worldwide. The company spends their income on innovative technology instead of in storing inventory in warehouses. The reputation and unique approach of company help in their success in the online retailing market (Cabral and Hortacsu 2010). Tata motors are a part of Tata groups and it was established in 1945. The company operates their businesses in the automotive industry and it is Indias largest automotive manufacturer. Headquarter of the organisation is situated in Mumbai, India. The company owns luxury automotive brands Jaguar Land Rover by an acquisition from Ford Motors. It has an income of US$42 billion in the fiscal year of 2016. The motive of choosing Tata is that it is the largest automotive brand in India and it has increased its global dominance by Jaguar Land Rover acquisition. The company is known for their US$3000 car Tata Nano which was a huge success in Indian automotive market. The strategy of Tata motors focused on manufacturing low priced and fuel efficient vehicles for Indian middle-class families. The company manufacture other vehicles as well, such as trucks, vans, and buses. The companys advantage is their competitive prices and modern technology. The organisation has a reputation of manufacturing low cost, high efficiency, comfortable and durable vehicle. According to the paper of Prahalad and Mashelkar (2010), the corporations acquisition and joint venture deals enhanced their global footprint in automotive markets. Tatas gain their advantage from excellent supply chain network that ensure high quality of vehicle with lower expenses. Tata invests in modern technology to gain market understanding and maintain a high level of customer satisfaction. The technological advancements and foreign investments ensure sustained future growth of Tata Motors in the global automotive market. Business model According to Wells (2010), the business model of Tata is focused on increasing their global reputation and enhancing the quality of their Indian vehicles. Following are the key aspects of their business model: The company invest in modern technology to decrease the prices and increase the fuel efficiency of their vehicles. The demand for a luxury vehicle in Indian automotive market is low. Therefore, Tatas focus is on low-cost and fuel-efficient Tata plan with their suppliers to reduce their vehicle prices. In order to manufacture Tata Nano, the company made deals with their suppliers to provide low cost and durable parts for the vehicle. The manufacturing of Tata Nano significantly enhanced the market share of Tata Motors in the Indian Along with Indian automotive market, the company increases their business in global automotive markets as well. The high reputation of Jaguar Land Rover generated revenue of 24.3 billion in 2017. The income of Jaguar Land Rover amounted to more than 50 percent of Tata motors whole revenue (Becker-Ritterspach and Bruche 2012). The company manufactures and update their products according to the market requirements. The benefit of adopting their approach is the high level of customer satisfaction. The innovative approach of the organisation and modern technology ensure their success in global automotive markets. According to Mitra (2011), while investing in international markets, Tata research various cultural, administrative, geographic and economic policies of the countries. It assists the company to know the requirement and demand of customers from various countries. Therefore, the company focus on low cost and fuel efficient vehicles in India and while entering in international markets they invest in luxury car brand Jaguar Land Rover. This helps in sustaining their development in future projects. References Amit, R. and Zott, C., 2012. Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), p.41. Becker-Ritterspach, F. and Bruche, G., 2012. Capability creation and internationalization with business group embeddednessthe case of Tata Motors in passenger cars.European Management Journal,30(3), pp.232-247. Cabral, L. and Hortacsu, A., 2010. The dynamics of seller reputation: Evidence from eBay.The Journal of Industrial Economics,58(1), pp.54-78. Chen, K.P., Liu, Y.S. and Yu, Y.T., 2012. The Seller's listing strategy in online auctions: evidence from eBay. Hagiu, A. and Wright, J., 2013. Do you really want to be an eBay?. Mitra, R., 2011. Framing the corporate responsibility-reputation linkage: The case of Tata Motors in India.Public Relations Review,37(4), pp.392-398. Prahalad, C.K. and Mashelkar, R.A., 2010. Innovations holy grail.Harvard Business Review,88(7/8), pp.132-141. Wells, P., 2010. The Tata Nano, the global valuesegment and the implications for the traditional automotive industry regions.Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society,3(3), pp.443-457.